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B |
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B/L |
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See
Bill of Lading |
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BC Code |
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Safe working practice code for solid bulk
cargo. |
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BSI Container Specification |
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British Standards Institution
Specification for freight containers. |
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Back Haul |
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The return movement of a means
of transport which has provided a transport service in one direction. |
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Back Letter |
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Back letters are drawn up in
addition to a contract in order to lay down rights and/or obligations
between both contracting parties, which, for some reason cannot
be included in the original contract. |
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This expression is sometimes used for letters
of indemnity, which are drawn up if the condition of the goods loaded
gives rise to remarks and, nevertheless, the shipper insists upon
receiving clean Bills of Lading. Letters of indemnity are only allowed
in very exceptional circumstances. |
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Back Order |
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A customer order or commitment,
which is unfilled due to insufficient stock. |
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Back Scheduling |
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A method of obtaining a production schedule
by working backwards from the required due date in order to predict
the latest start date consistent with meeting that due date. |
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Backlog |
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1. The quantity of goods still to be delivered,
received, produced, issued, etc., for which the planned or agreed
date has expired. |
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2. The total number of customer orders
which have been received but not yet been shipped. |
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Balespace |
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The balespace of a vessel is the capacity
of cargo spaces under deck (including hatchways but excluding void
spaces behind cargo battens and beams) expressed in cubic meters
or cubic feet. |
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Ballast |
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Materials solely carried to improve the
trim and the stability of the vessel. In vessels usually water is
carried as ballast in tanks, specially designed for that purpose. |
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Bank Guarantee |
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An undertaking by a bank to be answerable
for payment of a sum of money in the event of non performance by
the party on whose behalf the guarantee is issued. |
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Banking System |
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For marine purposes the practice of always
keeping more than one piece of cargo on the quay or in the vessel
ready for loading or discharging in order to avoid delays and to
obtain optimal use of the loading gear. |
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Baplie |
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An EDI message to convey the Bayplan on
occupied and empty slots in a certain vessel at a particular time. |
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Bar Coding |
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A method of encoding data for fast and
accurate electronic readability. Bar codes are a series of alternating
bars and spaces printed or stamped on products, labels, or other
media, representing encoded information which can be read by electronic
readers, used to facilitate timely and accurate input of data to
a computer system. Bar codes represent letters and/or numbers and
special characters like +, /, -, etc. |
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Bare Boat Charter |
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A charter whereby the charterer leases
the bare ship and appoints the master and crew himself. |
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Barge |
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Flat bottomed inland cargo vessel for canals
and rivers with or without own propulsion for the purpose of transporting
goods. |
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Bars |
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Special devices mounted on
container doors to provide a watertight locking. |
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Base |
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Home depot of container or
trailer. |
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Basic Stock |
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Items of an inventory intended for issue
against demand during the re-supply lead time. |
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Batch |
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A collection of products or
data which is treated as one entity with respect to certain operations
e.g. processing and production. |
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Batch Lot |
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A definite quantity of some product manufactured
or produced under conditions which are presumed uniform and for
production control purposes passing as a unit through the same series
of operations. |
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Batch Production |
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The production process where products/components
are produced in batches and where each separate batch consists of
a number of the same products/components. |
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Battens |
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Members protruding from the inside walls of a vessel's hold or a
(thermal) container to keep away the cargo from the walls to provide
an air passage. They may be integral with the walls, fastened to
the walls or added during cargo handling. |
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Bay |
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A vertical division of a vessel from stem
to stern, used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for
containers. The numbers run from stem to stern; odd numbers indicate
a 20 foot position, even numbers indicate a 40 foot position. |
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Bay Plan |
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A stowage plan which shows
the locations of all the containers on the vessel. |
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Behältertragwagen |
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Abbreviation: B.T. Wagen A
container wagon of the German Railways. |
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Benchmarking |
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The measurement and comparison with a standard or others of efforts
and results in the business process for e.g. input, output, reliability,
quality and customer satisfaction. |
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Note: For P&O Nedlloyd it is the comparative
search for the best practices (processes) that will lead to superior
performance of the company. |
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It must be seen as a positive and pro-active
process to make the company's operations lean and improve quality
and productivity. |
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Bending-moment |
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Is the result of vertical forces acting on a ship as a result of
local differences between weight and buoyancy. |
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The total of these forces should be zero,
otherwise change of draft will occur. |
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At sea the bending moment will change as
a result of wave impact which than periodically changes the buoyancy
distribution. |
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Note: The maximum allowed bending moment
of a vessel is restricted by the class bureau to certain limits,
which are different under port and sea conditions. |
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Berne Gauge |
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The most restrictive loading gauge (standard
measure) or the lowest common denominator of loading gauges on the
railways of continental Europe. |
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Berth |
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A location in a port where a vessel can be moored often indicated
by a code or name. |
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Best Practice |
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The provision to a client of examples and constructive consultation
for improved logistics processes in the delivery of goods and services. |
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Bilateral Transport Agreement |
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Agreement between two nations
concerning their transport relations. |
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Bill of Exchange |
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An unconditional order in writing to pay a certain sum of money
to a named person. |
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Bill of Health |
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The Bill of Health is the certificate issued by local medical authorities
indicating the general health conditions in the port of departure
or in the ports of call. The Bill of Health must have been visaed
before departure by the Consul of the country of destination. |
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When a vessel has free pratique, this means
that the vessel has a clean Bill of Health certifying that there
is no question of contagious disease and that all quarantine regulations
have been complied with, so that people may embark and disembark. |
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Bill of Lading |
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Abbreviation: B/L, plural
Bs/L |
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A document which evidences a contract of
carriage by sea. |
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The document has the following functions: |
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1. A receipt for goods, signed by a duly
authorised person on behalf of the carriers. |
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2. A document of title to the goods described
therein. |
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3.Evidence of the terms and conditions
of carriage agreed upon between the two parties. |
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At the moment 3 different models are used: |
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1. A document for either Combined Transport
or Port to Port shipments depending whether the relevant spaces
for place of receipt and/or place of delivery are indicated on the
face of the document. |
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2. A classic marine Bill of Lading in which
the carrier is also responsible for the part of the transport actually
performed by himself. |
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3. Sea Waybill: A non-negotiable document,
which can only be made out to a named consignee. No surrender of
the document by the consignee is required. |
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See also: Service Bill |
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Bill of Lading Clause |
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A particular article, stipulation
or single proviso in a Bill of Lading. A clause can be standard
and can be pre-printed on the B/L. |
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Bill of Material |
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A list of all parts, sub-assemblies
and raw materials that constitute a particular assembly, showing
the quantity of each required item. |
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Bimodal Trailer |
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1. A road semi-trailer with retractable running gear to allow mounting
on a pair of rail boogies. |
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2. A trailer which is able to carry different
types of standardised unit loads, (e.g. a chassis which is appropriate
for the carriage of one FEU or two TEU's). |
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Binnacle |
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Support mounted on the bridge
deck to hold the compass. |
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Block Train |
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A number of railway wagons (loaded with
containers), departing from a certain place and running straight
to a place of destination, without marshalling, transhipping or
any coupling or de-coupling of wagons. |
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Boat |
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A small open decked craft carried on board
ships for a specific purpose e.g. lifeboat, workboat. |
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Boatman |
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Person who attends to the mooring and unmooring
of vessels. |
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Bollard |
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Post, fixed to a quay or a
vessel, for securing mooring ropes. |
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Bolster |
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See Container Bolster |
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Bona Fide |
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In good faith; without dishonesty, fraud
or deceit. |
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Bonded |
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The storage of certain goods under charge
of customs viz. customs seal until the import duties are paid or
until the goods are taken out of the country. |
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1. Bonded warehouse (place where goods
can be placed under bond). |
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2. Bonded store (place on a vessel where
goods are placed behind seal until the time that the vessel leaves
the port or country again). |
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3. Bonded goods (dutiable goods upon which
duties have not been paid i.e. goods in transit or warehoused pending
customs clearance). |
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Booking |
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1. The offering by a shipper of cargo for
transport and the acceptance of the offering by the carrier or his
agent. |
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Booking Reference Number |
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The number assigned to a certain booking
by the carrier or his agent. |
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Bordereau |
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Document used in road transport, listing
the cargo carried on a road vehicle, often referring to appended
copies of the road consignment note. |
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Bottleneck |
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A stage in a process which limits performance. |
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Note: Generally this is interpreted as
a facility, function, department etc. that impedes performance,
for example a warehouse or distribution centre where goods arrive
at a faster rate than they can be transported or stored, thus causing
stock-piling at improper moments or in unwanted areas. |
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Bottom Fittings |
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Special conical shaped devices inserted
between a container and the permanent floor on the deck of a vessel
in order to avoid shifting of the container during the voyage of
this vessel. |
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Bottom Lift |
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Handling of containers with equipment attached
to the four bottom corner fittings (castings). |
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Bottomry |
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Money borrowed against a ship, or its equipment,
repaid with interest upon the ship's arrival at port, and forfeited
should the ship sink |
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Bow-truster |
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Machine located towards the forward end
of a ship below the waterline, which can produce a lateral trust
mostly by means of a propeller. |
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Box |
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Colloquial name for container
(e.g. Box-club) |
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Box Pallet |
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Pallet with at least three fixed, removable
or collapsible, vertical sides. |
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Branch Warehouse |
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See Distribution Centre |
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Break Bulk |
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1. To commence discharge. |
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2. To strip unitised cargo. |
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Break Bulk Cargo |
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General cargo conventionally stowed as
opposed to unitised, containerised and Roll On-Roll Off cargo. |
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Break-even Weight |
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The weight at which it is cheaper to charge
the lower rate for the next higher weight-break multiplied by the
minimum weight indicated, than to charge the higher rate for the
actual weight of the shipment. |
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Breakwater |
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A structure on board a ship, fixed to an
open deck forward intended to deflect and disperse head seas shipped
over the bow. |
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Broken Stowage |
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The cargo space which is unavoidably lost
when stowing cargo. The percentage of wasted space depends upon
e.g. the kind of cargo, the packing and the used spaces. |
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Broker |
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Person who acts as an agent
or intermediary in negotiating contracts. |
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Brussels Tariff Nomenclature |
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The old Customs Co-operation
Council Nomenclature for the classification of goods. Now replaced
by the Harmonised System. |
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Buffer Stock |
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A quantity of goods or articles
kept in store to safeguard against unforeseen shortages or demands. |
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Bulk Cargo |
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Unpacked homogeneous cargo poured loose
in a certain space of a vessel or container e.g. oil and grain. |
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Bulk Container |
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A container designed for the carriage of
free-flowing dry cargoes, which are loaded through hatchways in
the roof of the container and discharged through hatchways at one
end of the container. |
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Bulkhead |
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1. Upright partition dividing compartments
on board a vessel. The functions of bulkheads are: |
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- To increase the safety of a vessel
by dividing it into compartments.
- To separate the engine room from the cargo holds.
- To increase the transverse strength of a vessel.
- To reduce the risk of spreading fire to other compartments.
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2. A vertically mounted board to provide
front wall protection against shifting cargo and commonly seen on
platform trailers (road cargo). |
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3. A partition in a container, providing
a plenum chamber and/or air passage for either return or supply
air. It may be an integral part of the appliance or a separate construction. |
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4. A vertically mounted wall
separating the fore respectively aft compartment from the rest of
the aircraft (air cargo). |
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Bull Rings |
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Rings for lashing the cargo in containers. |
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Bulletin |
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Specialised reports for specific activity
related events. |
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Bunker |
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(Tank) spaces on board a vessel
to store fuel. |
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Bunker Adjustment Factor |
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Abbreviation: BAF |
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Adjustment applied by P&O Nedlloyd or liner
conferences to offset the effect of fluctuations in the cost of
bunkers. |
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Bunkers |
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Quantity of fuel on board a
vessel. |
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Buoyancy |
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The upward force extended by the vertical
component of integrated pressure acting on the hull below the waterline;
usually calculated as being equal to the weight of the water displaced
by the hull. |
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Bureau Veritas |
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French classification society. |
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Business Analyses |
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The process of investigating and evaluating
an organisation to clarify processes and procedures. |
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Business Data Repository (BDR) |
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The accumulation of business data taken
from a system to reuse this data in other systems. |
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Business Function |
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An upper level business activity that is
achieved via the performance of component activities. Examples:
Manufacturing, Shipping |
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Business Logistics |
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1. Logistics within a business system. |
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2. The co-ordinating function of material
management and physical distribution, which executes the integral
control of the goods flow. |
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Business Process |
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A business process is the action taken
to respond to particular events, convert inputs into outputs, and
produce particular results. Business processes are what the enterprise
must do to conduct its business successfully. |
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Business Process Model |
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The business process model provides a breakdown
(process decomposition) of all levels of business processes within
the scope of a business area. It also shows process dynamics, lower-level
process interrelationships. In Summary it includes all diagrams
related to a process definition that allows for understanding what
the business process is doing (and not how). |
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Business Process Redesign (BPR) |
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The process of redesigning business practice
models including the exchange of data and services amongst the stakeholders
(i.e. finance, merchandising, production, distribution) involved
in the lifecycle of a client's product. |
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Business Rule |
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A Business Rule is a business condition
under which data items are created, related and maintained. |
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Buyer |
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Party to which merchandise is sold. |
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Buyer's Market |
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A 'buyer's market' is considered to exist
when goods can easily be secured and when the economic forces of
business tend to cause goods to be priced at the purchaser's estimate
of value. In other words, a state of trade favourable to the buyer,
with relatively large supply and low prices. |
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